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Total stations can easily now complete the vast majority of the duties that were historically carried out by theodolites and transits. In addition they will perform the work much more reliably and efficiently.

The total station possesses three primary parts namely; the electronic distance measuring component (EDM); the angle measurement component and the processing unit Computer.

These instruments can automatically observe horizontal angles plus vertical angles, as well as distances along a slope, from a very simple single setup. From these kinds of measurements they can easily , at the media of a button, calculate the particular horizontal as well as vertical distances, elevations and the coordinates associated with the particular points sighted, and display the results on a liquid crystal display screen. The data can easily be stored onboard or transmitted to external devices.

The telescope is definitely an essential part of any total station instrument. It is mounted in between the instrument’s standards, and after the instrument has been setup level, it may be turned or plunged, so that the axis of sight describes a vertical plane. The axis about which the actual telescope revolves is known as the horizontal axis. The telescope can also be rotated in any azimuthal plane about a vertical line which is known as the vertical axis. Being able to both revolve as well as swivel about these axis allows the user to aim the unit in any azimuth, and along any gradient to sight the observed points. This is of course necessary when calculating angles. The device has three reference axes, the sight line, the horizontal and the vertical axes.

Total stations are produced with a pair of graduated circles which will be mounted in perpendicular planes. The instrument is set up so that the horizontal ring is horizontal. This automatically sets the vertical plane. Current instruments can certainly now execute a simple self leveling procedure from a nominal level situation.

The total station will certainly include many pre-programmed functions that are usually selectable via the main and sub menus on the Liquid crystal display screen. The system will also provide a thorough or summary help function. Prompting the operator to perform the next required operation. Whilst this does not really do away with the requirement for basic training. It is a great means of ensuring correct use.

Most total stations can carry out sophisticated calculations on the data being measured in ‘real time’ or at the press of a key after the measurement has bee taken.

Presently there are a range of associated pieces of equipment that are usually associated with a total station. These would probably include station markers, tripods as well as survey nails and prisms.

Quite a few total stations can now be operated from another location. The operator can set the unit and then move around with a remote positioning unit. The actual total station can then be manipulated to track until it locates the prism remote unit, then record the location. The keyboard on the remote unit can completely work the total station and consequently a single man or women could conduct a comprehensive survey following setup of the station.

In many situations it will be necessary to be able to re-establish the actual stations for up coming surveys. In this case survey nails would be used in order to form a more long-lasting reference point. The total station could then be set up over the mark for subsequent surveys.

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