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Fill valves in the back of toilets are considered to be liquid level-actuated valves. Simply put, when the water reaches a calculated level, a mechanism turns off the valve filling the tank. The process of actuating this valve is quite simple compared to other valve actuation, which are implemented in the automation of industrial valves and found in many kinds of technical processes from wastewater treatment, power plants to refineries. Valve automation can differ in design and size, with valve gauge ranging from centimeters to meters.

Actuators are typically attached to the stem of a valve. In response to a signal, valve actuators switch a valve to a desired placement using an outside power source. Manual valve actuators typically do not require outside power sources except when they are large and require a lot of torque. They use a handwheel to move gears which generate enough torque to shut the valve thoroughly. Electric actuators use single-phase or three-phase AC or DC current to create the desired torque. Pneumatic actuators change air pressure into rotary or linear motion, while hydraulic actuators act similarly with the fluid pressure of oil or water. These actuators require pressurized lines to provide the actuators: an inlet line and an outlet line. Pilot valves in the actuator lines have charge of the air or liquid supply going to the actuators. All of these components are readily ready for use through pipe, valve, and fitting (PVF) distributors who are experts in the application of these valves and actuators in numerous businesses, situations, and environments.

Rotary motion valves such as ball, plug, and butterfly valves rotate from open to close, commonly a quarter-turn or more, but can also involve multiple turns (360

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